Comparison of Absorbable Mesh Plate versus Titanium-Dynamic Mesh Plate in Reconstruction of Blow-Out Fracture: An Analysis of Long-Term Outcomes

BACKGROUND: A blow-out fracture is one of the most common facial injuries in midface trauma. Orbital wall reconstruction is extremely important because it can cause various functional and aesthetic sequelae. Although many materials are available, there are no uniformly accepted guidelines regarding material selection for orbital wall reconstruction. METHODS: From January 2007 to August 2012, a total of 78 patients with blow-out fractures were analyzed. 36 patients received absorbable mesh plates, and 42 patients received titanium-dynamic mesh plates. Both groups were retrospectively evaluated for therapeutic efficacy and safety according to the incidence of three different complications: enophthalmos, extraocular movement impairment, and diplopia. RESULTS: For all groups (inferior wall fracture group, medial wall fractrue group, and combined inferomedial wall fracture group), there were improvements in the incidence of each complication regardless of implant types. Moreover, a significant improvement of enophthalmos occurred for both types of implants in group 1 (inferior wall fracture group). However, we found no statistically significant differences of efficacy or complication rate in every groups between both implant types. CONCLUSIONS: Both types of implants showed good results without significant differences in long-term follow up, even though we expected the higher recurrent enophthalmos rate in patients with absorbable plate. In conclusion, both types seem to be equally effective and safe for orbital wall reconstruction. In particular, both implant types significantly improve the incidence of enophthalmos in cases of inferior orbital wall fractures.

The Effect of Percutaneous Injection of Lumbar Nerve Roots in Diagnosis and Treatment of Sciatica

Clinical evaluation and imaging studies such as magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography, and/or myelography can localize the pathologic process in most patients with lumbar radiculopathy. However, these studies occasionally fail to demonstrate exactly the cause and site for ongoing radicular symptom. So we evaluated 54 patients for the efficacy of selective nerve root blocks to identify a symptomatic nerve. The lumbar nerve root injections were performed at L3 root in 1 patients, at L4 root in 4 patients, at L5 root in 46 patients, and at S1 root in 3 patients. Among them, forty two patients were done before operation(HNP 32, stenosis 5, spondylolisthesis 5), 9 patients were done after operation due to poor results (root injury 2, infection 2, adhesion 1, incorrect diagnosis 4), and 3 patients had improved radiculopathies following nerve root injection(HNP 2, stenosis 1). The results of the nerve root injections and of the operations were not affected by age and sex. There was a good correlation between the response of the nerve root injection and the result of the operation(p<0.05). The concentration of bupivacaine 0.5% has no additional effect comparing to 0.25%(70%/73.5%) solution in spite of its adverse effect causing transient motor weakness. Additional use of depomedrol(50mg) proved to be no more beneficial. Three patients had Improved symptoms for a long period after nerve root injection which consequently made operation unnecessary. Five patients with previous history of operations had moderate pain relief. In summary, lumbar nerve root injection can be used as a functional diagnostic tool to predict operative result and as a treatment modality following failure of a previous surgery.

An Analysis of Factors Related to Symptomatic Vasospasm and Outcome in Patients with Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

Symptomatic vasospasm is still one of the major causes of death and disability in patients who suffer an aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage(SAH). To identify risk factors related to symptomatic vasospasm, to determine the outcome in patients with SAH, and to determine the differences identified risk factors between patients with good and bad outcomes, we performed this retrospective study. From a total of 279 SAH patients who were admitted to our hospital between January 1993 and December 1995, 212 were chosen for study. These were patients who had been admitted within 7 days of SAH, had undergone brain computed tomography(CT) within 3 days of SAH and had survived more than 6 days after SAH. Nine variables were examined as to their relationship to symptomatic vasospasm: age, sex, admission day after SAH, hypertension history, frequency of SAH, clinical grade, CT grade, operation day after SAH, and outcome. Data were analyzed by the univariate and multivariate logistic regression method using the Statistical Analysis System(SAS). Symptomatic vasospasm was demonstrated in 30 cases(14.2%). Univariate analysis showed that admission more than 4 days after SAH(p=0.07), clinical grades III-V(p=0.001), and CT grade III(p=0.00001) were associated with a higher risk of symptomatic vasospasm. When study cases were grouped into either good or bad outcome groups, and multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed, these factors were associated with a higher risk of symptomatic vasospasm only in the good outcome group. This suggests that there is a group of patients with a predisposition to symptomatic vasospasm that is independent of these risk factors, and that in these patients, the outcome may be worse.